1.0色中色MT Admin/blog/author/mt-admin/rich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="VqRUyqVQ2d"><a href="/seminar/presidents-and-political-parties-oh/">Presidents and Political Parties</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="/seminar/presidents-and-political-parties-oh/embed/#?secret=VqRUyqVQ2d" width="600" height="338" title="“Presidents and Political Parties” — 色中色" data-secret="VqRUyqVQ2d" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(d,l){"use strict";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),c=new RegExp("^https?:$","i"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display="none";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):"link"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute("src")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener("message",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute("data-secret"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+="#?secret="+t,e.setAttribute("data-secret",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:"ready",secret:t},"*")},!1)))}(window,document); /* ]]> */ </script> /content/uploads/2021/09/e-65-12-xl-e1597535538954.jpg22001144The U.S. Constitution makes no mention of political parties, yet parties began to form shortly after its ratification. Parties formed as decentralized political associations that engaged the attention of ordinary citizens and held presidents accountable to local constituencies. But as the power of the presidency (and the federal government) grew, parties shifted their attention from building political support in the states and localities to vying for control over national administration. Partisan disputes have more often than not involved confrontations between the president and Congress that have undermined the public’s respect for American political institutions.