RSQs and the Yellow Kid
Rusty Eder, who teaches American history and government at West Nottingham Academy in Maryland, prompts students to think by asking seemingly goofy questions that lead in fascinating directions. Eder is a 2011 graduate of the Master of Arts in American History and Government.
If you teach long enough, you get introduced to dozens and dozens of acronyms for new and (sometimes) innovative methods and techniques, all designed to help you get and keep the attention of the students in your class. At one time or another, I have worked on everything from PBL (Project Based Learning) to POGIL (Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning) to DI (Differentiated Instruction), and many more. These all have their value at the right time and place, but I discovered long ago my own favorite method, one I call the RSQ, short for Really Silly Question. Catching the class鈥檚 attention with a notion so absurd they have to get to the bottom of it has given me some of the most enjoyable days of my teaching career.
On occasion, I鈥檝e wondered if fleas might have painted the Sistine Chapel or if the Battle of Antietam might have turned out differently if General D.H. Hill didn鈥檛 smoke. But my favorite example of the RSQ goes like this: I have a class of 11th-12th graders in U.S. History and we鈥檙e in our Gilded Age/Age of Imperialism unit. They鈥檝e gotten to know some of the players in the great Captains of Industry versus Robber Barons debate and are ready to discuss some of the more extravagant examples of Yellow Journalism from that period. So, they come into class and I write the RSQ on the board. 鈥淒id Mickey Dugan start the Spanish-American War?鈥� Of course, their first thought is something like 鈥淗uh?鈥� 鈥淲hat the鈥�?鈥� But they鈥檙e paying attention and sooner or later one of them will ask the obvious question. 鈥淯hm, Mr. Eder, who on earth is Mickey Dugan?鈥� So, I show them his picture:
Usually, this doesn鈥檛 help a whole lot, though a few might guess that the color of his shirt has something to do with Yellow Journalism, though they鈥檙e not sure what. So, I take them to the R.F. Outcault Society鈥檚 Yellow Kid site, here:
As we wander through the site, it鈥檚 easy to set up the competition between Joseph Pulitzer鈥檚 World, and William Randolph Hearst鈥檚 New York Journal. If you鈥檙e not familiar with the story, Outcault originally drew the comic strip for Pulitzer before being hired away by Hearst, setting off a competitive war for attention (and subscriptions) that became emblematic of the 鈥渄o anything for a sale鈥� attitudes of both publishers. What is initially referred to as the 鈥淵ellow Kid Papers鈥� or 鈥淵ellow Kid Wars鈥� morphs pretty easily into the 鈥淵ellow Papers鈥� and 鈥淵ellow Journalism鈥� in general. So, I have them started on the major theme, but the real glory of a good RSQ is all the side streets you get to take while exploring it. Some of the other topics we generally delve into are:
- Why are newspapers such a big deal? Most of my students have never held a newspaper, so bringing out any sample of one sparks discussions of the evolution of the media and its import on public thought and political action of the times.
- Why yellow? Why is color so important to people in the 19th century? This part of the conversation allows the students to compare the non-stop color blasts of modern advertising to the very 鈥渘ew鈥� idea of rotogravure (a printing method that created color pages for the newspapers) in the Gilded Age. Additionally, the evolution of technology becomes more real to them.
- Why do Outcault鈥檚 characters talk so funny? We wander through the website, looking at multiple samples of Outcault鈥檚 work and this question always comes up. Often the best part of the class, it inspires great commentary on the use of 鈥渟lang鈥� or 鈥減atois鈥� or whatever you want to call it and never fails to lead us into grand debates on cultural appropriation and stereotypes in the media versus freedom of speech, especially speech imbued with the social commentary so rich in the artist鈥檚 illustrations of Hogan鈥檚 Alley, his imaginary multi-ethnic neighborhood in New York City and Mickey Dugan鈥檚 home turf.
At this point I bring out Len Barritt鈥檚 classic cartoon 鈥淏ig Type War of the Yellow Kids鈥� which takes us right back to the Spanish American War and, 鈥淵ou furnish the pictures and I鈥檒l furnish the war.鈥�
After that, I鈥檓 free to bring all sorts of other possibilities into the class. Issues of copyrights and intellectual property come up, along with the dual interpretation of comics by kids, who see a favorite character having a good or bad day, and their parents, who get a different sort of chuckle from the same work. Another fun side trip involves the marketing of Mickey Dugan on everything from cookie tins to ten-pin sets and candy jars. The National Cigarette and Tobacco company of New York even sold Yellow Kid Cigarettes! Always good for a conversation.
I have a lot of fun with the RSQ, but at the end of the day, it鈥檚 also an excellent way to get my students鈥� attention and engage them actively in their own learning. As we move forward into the Spanish American War and further adventures in the Age of Imperialism, this exercise keeps the issues of propaganda, jingoism, and the role of the media in politics close to the surface for the class and that鈥檚 the greatest satisfaction I get from asking such nonsense in the first place.
